Safety & Health (151) \u2013 DAE Mechanical 1st Year \u2013 Pak Notes Hub<\/title>\r\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Fira+Code:wght@400;500&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><style>*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0;}:root{--green:#1a7a4a;--green-dark:#145f38;--green-light:#e8f5ee;--teal:#17a589;--accent:#f0b127;--dark:#1c2833;--mid:#566573;--light:#f4f6f7;--code-bg:#f0f4f8;--code-border:#2e86c1;--note-bg:#fef9e7;--note-border:#f0b127;--white:#ffffff;--radius:10px;--shadow:0 4px 24px rgba(26,122,74,.10);}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}body{font-family:'Inter',sans-serif;background:#f2f6f3;color:var(--dark);line-height:1.7;font-size:15px;}nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;background:var(--green-dark);padding:0 2rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:56px;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.25);}.nav-brand{color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:1.05rem;}.nav-brand 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linear;width:0%;}#back-top{position:fixed;bottom:2rem;right:2rem;background:var(--green);color:#fff;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;border:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:1.1rem;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(26,122,74,.35);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;opacity:0;transition:opacity .25s,transform .25s;pointer-events:none;}#back-top.visible{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;}#back-top:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);}@media(max-width:720px){.page-wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.sidebar{position:static;display:none;}.hero::before{display:none;}nav .nav-links{display:none;}}<\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n<div class=\"progress-bar\" id=\"progress\"><\/div>\r\n<nav><div class=\"nav-brand\">Pak <span>Notes Hub<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nav-links\"><a href=\"#unit-1\">Hazards<\/a><a href=\"#unit-3\">Risk<\/a><a href=\"#unit-6\">Emergency<\/a><\/div><\/nav>\r\n<section class=\"hero\"><div class=\"hero-tag\">\u26a0\ufe0f DAE Mechanical \u2014 1st Year \u2014 Subject Code 151<\/div><h1>Safety & Occupational Health<br\/><span>Complete Notes \u2014 Easy English<\/span><\/h1><p>Workplace Safety \u00b7 Hazard Management \u00b7 Risk Assessment \u00b7 First Aid \u00b7 Complete Curriculum<\/p><div class=\"hero-pills\"><div class=\"pill\">Hazard ID<\/div><div class=\"pill\">Risk Management<\/div><div class=\"pill\">Emergency Response<\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n<div class=\"page-wrap\"><aside class=\"sidebar\"><div class=\"sidebar-title\">\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Table of Contents<\/div><ul class=\"toc-list\"><li><a href=\"#unit-1\"><span class=\"toc-num\">1<\/span> Safety Principles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-2\"><span class=\"toc-num\">2<\/span> Hazard ID<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-3\"><span class=\"toc-num\">3<\/span> Risk Assessment<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-4\"><span class=\"toc-num\">4<\/span> PPE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-5\"><span class=\"toc-num\">5<\/span> Ergonomics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-6\"><span class=\"toc-num\">6<\/span> Emergency<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-7\"><span class=\"toc-num\">7<\/span> First Aid<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-8\"><span class=\"toc-num\">8<\/span> Regulations<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/aside><main><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-1\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 1<\/div><h2>Workplace Safety Principles<\/h2><p>Foundations and Culture<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Safety Definition<\/h3><p>Absence of risk and injury in workplace. Protects workers' health and wellbeing.<\/p><h3>Four Pillars of Safety<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Prevention:<\/strong> Stop accidents before they happen<\/li><li><strong>Awareness:<\/strong> Know hazards and risks<\/li><li><strong>Responsibility:<\/strong> Everyone's duty to stay safe<\/li><li><strong>Culture:<\/strong> Make safety a priority<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 200\">\r\n<rect x=\"50\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Prevention<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"90\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"150\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#17a589\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"190\" y=\"90\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Awareness<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"190\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83d\udc41\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"250\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"290\" y=\"85\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Responsibility<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"290\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\u270b<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"350\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#17a589\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"390\" y=\"90\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Culture<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"390\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83c\udfe2<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"100\" y=\"30\" width=\"250\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#f0b127\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"45\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Four Pillars of Safety<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">The Foundation of Workplace Safety Culture<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Statistics<\/h3><ul><li>Millions injured yearly in workplaces<\/li><li>Most accidents preventable<\/li><li>Cost of injuries: medical + lost productivity<\/li><\/ul><h3>Safety Management System<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Component<\/th><th>Function<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Policy<\/td><td>Organization's safety commitment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planning<\/td><td>Identify hazards and controls<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Implementation<\/td><td>Execute safety procedures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring<\/td><td>Check effectiveness<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Develop workplace safety plans<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-2\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 2<\/div><h2>Hazard Identification<\/h2><p>Spotting Dangers<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Hazard Types<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Physical:<\/strong> Machinery, electricity, noise<\/li><li><strong>Chemical:<\/strong> Toxic substances, corrosives<\/li><li><strong>Biological:<\/strong> Bacteria, viruses, allergens<\/li><li><strong>Ergonomic:<\/strong> Poor posture, repetitive motion<\/li><li><strong>Psychological:<\/strong> Stress, harassment<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"240\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 240\">\r\n<circle cx=\"200\" cy=\"120\" r=\"90\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"115\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"14\">Workplace<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"13\">Hazards<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"50\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"100\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Physical<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"100\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"16\">\u26a1<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"300\" cy=\"50\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"300\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Chemical<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"300\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\u2620\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"80\" cy=\"190\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#17a589\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"80\" y=\"190\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Biological<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"80\" y=\"202\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udda0<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"200\" cy=\"210\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#6c757d\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"207\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Ergonomic<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"220\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83d\udcaa<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"320\" cy=\"190\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#fd7e14\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"320\" y=\"187\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"9\">Psychological<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"320\" y=\"202\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udde0<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 130 70 L 170 95\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 270 70 L 230 95\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 110 170 L 160 135\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 200 170 L 200 145\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 290 170 L 240 135\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Five Major Categories of Workplace Hazards<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Hazard vs Risk<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Hazard:<\/strong> Source of potential harm<\/li><li><strong>Risk:<\/strong> Probability of harm occurring<\/li><\/ul><h3>Common Workshop Hazards<\/h3><ul><li>Moving machinery (blade, pulley)<\/li><li>Hot surfaces and flames<\/li><li>Slippery floors<\/li><li>Electrical hazards<\/li><li>Manual handling injuries<\/li><\/ul><h3>Identification Methods<\/h3><ul><li>Workplace inspection<\/li><li>Employee interviews<\/li><li>Incident reports analysis<\/li><li>Job hazard analysis (JHA)<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Conduct hazard identification walk-through<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-3\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 3<\/div><h2>Risk Assessment<\/h2><p>Evaluating Danger Levels<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Risk Assessment Process<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Step 1:<\/strong> Identify hazards<\/li><li><strong>Step 2:<\/strong> Who might be harmed?<\/li><li><strong>Step 3:<\/strong> Evaluate controls<\/li><li><strong>Step 4:<\/strong> Record findings<\/li><li><strong>Step 5:<\/strong> Review regularly<\/li><\/ul><h3>Risk Matrix<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Level<\/th><th>Severity<\/th><th>Probability<\/th><th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>High<\/td><td>Serious<\/td><td>Likely<\/td><td>Immediate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Medium<\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><td>Possible<\/td><td>Short-term<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low<\/td><td>Minor<\/td><td>Unlikely<\/td><td>Monitor<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>Control Hierarchy<\/h3><ol><li><strong>Elimination:<\/strong> Remove hazard<\/li><li><strong>Substitution:<\/strong> Replace with safer<\/li><li><strong>Engineering:<\/strong> Guards, barriers<\/li><li><strong>Administrative:<\/strong> Procedures, training<\/li><li><strong>PPE:<\/strong> Protective equipment<\/li><\/ol>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"280\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 280\">\r\n<path d=\"M 200 20 L 320 90 L 280 90 L 280 100 L 120 100 L 120 90 L 80 90 Z\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"65\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"12\">1. Elimination<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 120 100 L 280 100 L 300 150 L 100 150 Z\" fill=\"#17a589\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">2. Substitution<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 100 150 L 300 150 L 320 200 L 80 200 Z\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">3. Engineering<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 80 200 L 320 200 L 340 240 L 60 240 Z\" fill=\"#fd7e14\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"225\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">4. Administrative<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 60 240 L 340 240 L 350 270 L 50 270 Z\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"260\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">5. PPE (Last Resort)<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"360\" y=\"55\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Most<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"355\" y=\"68\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Effective<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"360\" y=\"255\" fill=\"#dc3545\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Least<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"355\" y=\"268\" fill=\"#dc3545\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Effective<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Hierarchy of Controls: From Most to Least Effective<\/p>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Complete risk assessment forms<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-4\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 4<\/div><h2>Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)<\/h2><p>Worker Protection<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>PPE Categories<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Type<\/th><th>Protects<\/th><th>Examples<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Head<\/td><td>Skull, brain<\/td><td>Hard hat, cap<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Face<\/td><td>Eyes, face<\/td><td>Goggles, shield<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Respiratory<\/td><td>Lungs<\/td><td>Mask, respirator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hand<\/td><td>Fingers, palm<\/td><td>Gloves<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foot<\/td><td>Toes, sole<\/td><td>Safety boots<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Body<\/td><td>Torso, limbs<\/td><td>Coveralls, apron<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"320\" viewBox=\"0 0 300 320\">\r\n<ellipse cx=\"150\" cy=\"50\" rx=\"30\" ry=\"35\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"75\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"18\">\u26d1\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"95\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Head<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"140\" r=\"35\" fill=\"#17a589\"\/>\r\n<circle cx=\"135\" cy=\"130\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n<circle cx=\"165\" cy=\"130\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 140 155 Q 150 160 160 155\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Face\/Eyes<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"115\" y=\"210\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"250\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83e\uddba<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"295\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Body<\/text>\r\n<ellipse cx=\"95\" cy=\"230\" rx=\"20\" ry=\"30\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"95\" y=\"238\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udde4<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"50\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Hands<\/text>\r\n<ellipse cx=\"205\" cy=\"230\" rx=\"20\" ry=\"30\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"205\" y=\"238\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udde4<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"250\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Hands<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"130\" y=\"285\" width=\"40\" height=\"25\" fill=\"#dc3545\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"305\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83d\udc62<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"315\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Feet<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Complete PPE Protection from Head to Toe<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>PPE Selection<\/h3><ul><li>Assess hazard type<\/li><li>Choose appropriate protection<\/li><li>Ensure proper fit<\/li><li>Train users<\/li><li>Maintain regularly<\/li><\/ul><h3>Proper Use<\/h3><ul><li>Wear at all times in hazard area<\/li><li>Inspect before use<\/li><li>Replace when damaged<\/li><li>Store properly<\/li><\/ul><h3>Limitations<\/h3><p>PPE is last resort. Always use engineering controls and safe procedures first.<\/p><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Select appropriate PPE for scenarios<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-5\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 5<\/div><h2>Ergonomics<\/h2><p>Working Safely and Comfortably<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Ergonomic Principles<\/h3><ul><li>Adapt workplace to worker<\/li><li>Minimize repetitive strain<\/li><li>Maintain natural posture<\/li><li>Reduce force requirements<\/li><\/ul><h3>Common Ergonomic Issues<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Back Pain:<\/strong> Poor lifting, prolonged sitting<\/li><li><strong>RSI:<\/strong> Repetitive strain injury from typing<\/li><li><strong>Neck Strain:<\/strong> Monitor height, screen angle<\/li><\/ul><h3>Lifting Techniques<\/h3><ul><li>Keep load close to body<\/li><li>Bend knees, not back<\/li><li>Engage core muscles<\/li><li>Avoid twisting motion<\/li><li>Get help for heavy items<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 200\">\r\n<g id=\"wrong\">\r\n<circle cx=\"80\" cy=\"60\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"70\" y=\"75\" width=\"20\" height=\"50\" fill=\"#dc3545\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"50\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"90\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"65\" y=\"125\" width=\"10\" height=\"35\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"85\" y=\"125\" width=\"10\" height=\"35\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"50\" y=\"140\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#6c757d\" rx=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 70 75 Q 60 100 50 140\" stroke=\"#dc3545\" stroke-width=\"3\" fill=\"none\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"30\" y1=\"30\" x2=\"130\" y2=\"130\" stroke=\"#dc3545\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"130\" y1=\"30\" x2=\"30\" y2=\"130\" stroke=\"#dc3545\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"80\" y=\"185\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#dc3545\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">WRONG<\/text>\r\n<\/g>\r\n<g id=\"correct\">\r\n<circle cx=\"280\" cy=\"60\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"270\" y=\"75\" width=\"20\" height=\"40\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"250\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"290\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"265\" y=\"115\" width=\"10\" height=\"25\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"285\" y=\"115\" width=\"10\" height=\"25\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"265\" y=\"140\" width=\"12\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"283\" y=\"140\" width=\"12\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"260\" y=\"125\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#6c757d\" rx=\"2\"\/>\r\n<circle cx=\"345\" cy=\"50\" r=\"25\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"345\" y1=\"30\" x2=\"345\" y2=\"70\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"325\" y1=\"50\" x2=\"365\" y2=\"50\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"280\" y=\"185\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">CORRECT<\/text>\r\n<\/g>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"14\">Safe Lifting Technique<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Bend Knees, Keep Back Straight \u2014 Avoid Back Injuries<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Workstation Setup<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Element<\/th><th>Adjustment<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Chair<\/td><td>Adjust height and back support<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desk<\/td><td>Elbow height when arms relaxed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitor<\/td><td>Eye level, arm's length away<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Set up ergonomic workstations<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-6\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 6<\/div><h2>Emergency Procedures<\/h2><p>Crisis Response<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Emergency Types<\/h3><ul><li>Fire and explosion<\/li><li>Chemical spill<\/li><li>Medical emergency<\/li><li>Severe weather<\/li><li>Structural failure<\/li><\/ul><h3>Emergency Response Steps<\/h3><ol><li><strong>Alert:<\/strong> Warn others immediately<\/li><li><strong>Assess:<\/strong> Evaluate danger<\/li><li><strong>Activate:<\/strong> Call emergency services<\/li><li><strong>Assist:<\/strong> Help affected persons<\/li><\/ol><h3>Evacuation Procedures<\/h3><ul><li>Know exit routes<\/li><li>Use stairs, not elevators<\/li><li>Proceed calmly<\/li><li>Account for all persons<\/li><li>Proceed to assembly point<\/li><\/ul><h3>Emergency Equipment<\/h3><ul><li>Fire extinguishers<\/li><li>First aid kit<\/li><li>Emergency eyewash<\/li><li>Emergency shower<\/li><li>AED (Automated External Defibrillator)<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Conduct emergency drills<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-7\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 7<\/div><h2>First Aid Basics<\/h2><p>Immediate Medical Care<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>First Aid Priorities (ABC)<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Airway:<\/strong> Clear breathing passage<\/li><li><strong>Breathing:<\/strong> Ensure air intake<\/li><li><strong>Circulation:<\/strong> Check pulse, control bleeding<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"220\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 220\">\r\n<rect x=\"30\" y=\"50\" width=\"110\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#dc3545\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"24\">A<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Airway<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">Clear<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"145\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">breathing<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">passage<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"28\">\ud83d\udc43<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"170\" y=\"50\" width=\"110\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#f0b127\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"24\">B<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Breathing<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"11\">Ensure<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"145\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"11\">air<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"11\">intake<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"28\">\ud83d\udca8<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"310\" y=\"50\" width=\"110\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"24\">C<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Circulation<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">Check pulse<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"145\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">Control<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">bleeding<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"28\">\u2764\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"15\">First Aid ABC Priority<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 145 120 L 165 120\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow4)\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 285 120 L 305 120\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow4)\"\/>\r\n<defs><marker id=\"arrow4\" markerWidth=\"10\" markerHeight=\"10\" refX=\"9\" refY=\"3\" orient=\"auto\"><polygon points=\"0 0, 10 3, 0 6\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/><\/marker><\/defs>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Follow ABC Sequence in Emergency First Aid Response<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Common Injuries<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Injury<\/th><th>First Aid Response<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cuts\/Bleeding<\/td><td>Apply pressure, bandage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Burns<\/td><td>Cool with water, cover<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fractures<\/td><td>Immobilize, elevate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shock<\/td><td>Lay down, elevate legs<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)<\/h3><ul><li>Check responsiveness<\/li><li>Call emergency services<\/li><li>30 chest compressions<\/li><li>2 rescue breaths<\/li><li>Repeat cycle<\/li><\/ul><h3>Recovery Position<\/h3><p>For unconscious, breathing victims. Prevents choking if vomiting occurs.<\/p><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Get certified in First Aid and CPR<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-8\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 8<\/div><h2>Safety Regulations<\/h2><p>Legal Requirements and Standards<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>International Standards<\/h3><ul><li><strong>ISO 45001:<\/strong> Occupational health and safety<\/li><li><strong>OSHA:<\/strong> USA Occupational Safety regulations<\/li><\/ul><h3>Pakistan Safety Requirements<\/h3><ul><li>Factories Act 1934<\/li><li>Pakistan Labour Code 2006<\/li><li>SECP workplace regulations<\/li><\/ul><h3>Employer Responsibilities<\/h3><ul><li>Provide safe working conditions<\/li><li>Conduct risk assessments<\/li><li>Train employees<\/li><li>Provide PPE<\/li><li>Report incidents<\/li><li>Maintain safety records<\/li><\/ul><h3>Employee Responsibilities<\/h3><ul><li>Follow safety procedures<\/li><li>Use PPE correctly<\/li><li>Report hazards<\/li><li>Attend training<\/li><li>Cooperate with inspections<\/li><\/ul><h3>Incident Reporting<\/h3><ul><li>Report all injuries<\/li><li>Document near-misses<\/li><li>Investigate root causes<\/li><li>Implement corrective actions<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Review and understand workplace policies<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"congrats\"><h2>\u2728 Congratulations!<\/h2><p>You've completed Safety! Work healthy and always go home safe.<\/p><\/div><\/main><\/div>\r\n<button id=\"back-top\" onclick=\"window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2191<\/button>\r\n<script>const progress=document.getElementById('progress');window.addEventListener('scroll',()=>{const scrollPercent=(window.scrollY\/(document.documentElement.scrollHeight-window.innerHeight))*100;progress.style.width=scrollPercent+'%';document.getElementById('back-top').classList.toggle('visible',window.scrollY>400);});document.querySelectorAll('.unit').forEach(unit=>{const observer=new IntersectionObserver(entries=>{entries.forEach(entry=>{if(entry.isIntersecting){const id=entry.target.id;document.querySelectorAll('.toc-list a').forEach(a=>{a.classList.toggle('active',a.href.endsWith(id));});}});},{rootMargin:'-20% 0px -70% 0px'});observer.observe(unit);});<\/script>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to PakNotesHub, your ultimate digital library designed to empower students on their academic journey! 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\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n Safety & Health (151) \u2013 DAE Mechanical 1st Year \u2013 Pak Notes Hub<\/title>\r\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Fira+Code:wght@400;500&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\"\/><style>*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0;}:root{--green:#1a7a4a;--green-dark:#145f38;--green-light:#e8f5ee;--teal:#17a589;--accent:#f0b127;--dark:#1c2833;--mid:#566573;--light:#f4f6f7;--code-bg:#f0f4f8;--code-border:#2e86c1;--note-bg:#fef9e7;--note-border:#f0b127;--white:#ffffff;--radius:10px;--shadow:0 4px 24px rgba(26,122,74,.10);}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}body{font-family:'Inter',sans-serif;background:#f2f6f3;color:var(--dark);line-height:1.7;font-size:15px;}nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;background:var(--green-dark);padding:0 2rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:56px;box-shadow:0 2px 12px 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linear;width:0%;}#back-top{position:fixed;bottom:2rem;right:2rem;background:var(--green);color:#fff;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;border:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:1.1rem;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(26,122,74,.35);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;opacity:0;transition:opacity .25s,transform .25s;pointer-events:none;}#back-top.visible{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;}#back-top:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);}@media(max-width:720px){.page-wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.sidebar{position:static;display:none;}.hero::before{display:none;}nav .nav-links{display:none;}}<\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n<div class=\"progress-bar\" id=\"progress\"><\/div>\r\n<nav><div class=\"nav-brand\">Pak <span>Notes Hub<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nav-links\"><a href=\"#unit-1\">Hazards<\/a><a href=\"#unit-3\">Risk<\/a><a href=\"#unit-6\">Emergency<\/a><\/div><\/nav>\r\n<section class=\"hero\"><div class=\"hero-tag\">\u26a0\ufe0f DAE Mechanical \u2014 1st Year \u2014 Subject Code 151<\/div><h1>Safety & Occupational Health<br\/><span>Complete Notes \u2014 Easy English<\/span><\/h1><p>Workplace Safety \u00b7 Hazard Management \u00b7 Risk Assessment \u00b7 First Aid \u00b7 Complete Curriculum<\/p><div class=\"hero-pills\"><div class=\"pill\">Hazard ID<\/div><div class=\"pill\">Risk Management<\/div><div class=\"pill\">Emergency Response<\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n<div class=\"page-wrap\"><aside class=\"sidebar\"><div class=\"sidebar-title\">\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Table of Contents<\/div><ul class=\"toc-list\"><li><a href=\"#unit-1\"><span class=\"toc-num\">1<\/span> Safety Principles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-2\"><span class=\"toc-num\">2<\/span> Hazard ID<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-3\"><span class=\"toc-num\">3<\/span> Risk Assessment<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-4\"><span class=\"toc-num\">4<\/span> PPE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-5\"><span class=\"toc-num\">5<\/span> Ergonomics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-6\"><span class=\"toc-num\">6<\/span> Emergency<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-7\"><span class=\"toc-num\">7<\/span> First Aid<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#unit-8\"><span class=\"toc-num\">8<\/span> Regulations<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/aside><main><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-1\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 1<\/div><h2>Workplace Safety Principles<\/h2><p>Foundations and Culture<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Safety Definition<\/h3><p>Absence of risk and injury in workplace. Protects workers' health and wellbeing.<\/p><h3>Four Pillars of Safety<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Prevention:<\/strong> Stop accidents before they happen<\/li><li><strong>Awareness:<\/strong> Know hazards and risks<\/li><li><strong>Responsibility:<\/strong> Everyone's duty to stay safe<\/li><li><strong>Culture:<\/strong> Make safety a priority<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 200\">\r\n<rect x=\"50\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Prevention<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"90\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"150\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#17a589\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"190\" y=\"90\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Awareness<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"190\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83d\udc41\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"250\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"290\" y=\"85\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Responsibility<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"290\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\u270b<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"350\" y=\"60\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" fill=\"#17a589\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"390\" y=\"90\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">Culture<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"390\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83c\udfe2<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"100\" y=\"30\" width=\"250\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#f0b127\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"45\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Four Pillars of Safety<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">The Foundation of Workplace Safety Culture<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Statistics<\/h3><ul><li>Millions injured yearly in workplaces<\/li><li>Most accidents preventable<\/li><li>Cost of injuries: medical + lost productivity<\/li><\/ul><h3>Safety Management System<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Component<\/th><th>Function<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Policy<\/td><td>Organization's safety commitment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planning<\/td><td>Identify hazards and controls<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Implementation<\/td><td>Execute safety procedures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring<\/td><td>Check effectiveness<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Develop workplace safety plans<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-2\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 2<\/div><h2>Hazard Identification<\/h2><p>Spotting Dangers<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Hazard Types<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Physical:<\/strong> Machinery, electricity, noise<\/li><li><strong>Chemical:<\/strong> Toxic substances, corrosives<\/li><li><strong>Biological:<\/strong> Bacteria, viruses, allergens<\/li><li><strong>Ergonomic:<\/strong> Poor posture, repetitive motion<\/li><li><strong>Psychological:<\/strong> Stress, harassment<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"240\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 240\">\r\n<circle cx=\"200\" cy=\"120\" r=\"90\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"115\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"14\">Workplace<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"135\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"13\">Hazards<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"100\" cy=\"50\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"100\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Physical<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"100\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"16\">\u26a1<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"300\" cy=\"50\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"300\" y=\"50\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Chemical<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"300\" y=\"62\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\u2620\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"80\" cy=\"190\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#17a589\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"80\" y=\"190\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Biological<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"80\" y=\"202\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udda0<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"200\" cy=\"210\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#6c757d\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"207\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Ergonomic<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"220\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83d\udcaa<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"320\" cy=\"190\" r=\"40\" fill=\"#fd7e14\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"320\" y=\"187\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"9\">Psychological<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"320\" y=\"202\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udde0<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 130 70 L 170 95\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 270 70 L 230 95\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 110 170 L 160 135\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 200 170 L 200 145\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 290 170 L 240 135\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Five Major Categories of Workplace Hazards<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Hazard vs Risk<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Hazard:<\/strong> Source of potential harm<\/li><li><strong>Risk:<\/strong> Probability of harm occurring<\/li><\/ul><h3>Common Workshop Hazards<\/h3><ul><li>Moving machinery (blade, pulley)<\/li><li>Hot surfaces and flames<\/li><li>Slippery floors<\/li><li>Electrical hazards<\/li><li>Manual handling injuries<\/li><\/ul><h3>Identification Methods<\/h3><ul><li>Workplace inspection<\/li><li>Employee interviews<\/li><li>Incident reports analysis<\/li><li>Job hazard analysis (JHA)<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Conduct hazard identification walk-through<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-3\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 3<\/div><h2>Risk Assessment<\/h2><p>Evaluating Danger Levels<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Risk Assessment Process<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Step 1:<\/strong> Identify hazards<\/li><li><strong>Step 2:<\/strong> Who might be harmed?<\/li><li><strong>Step 3:<\/strong> Evaluate controls<\/li><li><strong>Step 4:<\/strong> Record findings<\/li><li><strong>Step 5:<\/strong> Review regularly<\/li><\/ul><h3>Risk Matrix<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Level<\/th><th>Severity<\/th><th>Probability<\/th><th>Action<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>High<\/td><td>Serious<\/td><td>Likely<\/td><td>Immediate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Medium<\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><td>Possible<\/td><td>Short-term<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low<\/td><td>Minor<\/td><td>Unlikely<\/td><td>Monitor<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>Control Hierarchy<\/h3><ol><li><strong>Elimination:<\/strong> Remove hazard<\/li><li><strong>Substitution:<\/strong> Replace with safer<\/li><li><strong>Engineering:<\/strong> Guards, barriers<\/li><li><strong>Administrative:<\/strong> Procedures, training<\/li><li><strong>PPE:<\/strong> Protective equipment<\/li><\/ol>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"280\" viewBox=\"0 0 400 280\">\r\n<path d=\"M 200 20 L 320 90 L 280 90 L 280 100 L 120 100 L 120 90 L 80 90 Z\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"65\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"12\">1. Elimination<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 120 100 L 280 100 L 300 150 L 100 150 Z\" fill=\"#17a589\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">2. Substitution<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 100 150 L 300 150 L 320 200 L 80 200 Z\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\">3. Engineering<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 80 200 L 320 200 L 340 240 L 60 240 Z\" fill=\"#fd7e14\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"225\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">4. Administrative<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 60 240 L 340 240 L 350 270 L 50 270 Z\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"200\" y=\"260\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">5. PPE (Last Resort)<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"360\" y=\"55\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Most<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"355\" y=\"68\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Effective<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"360\" y=\"255\" fill=\"#dc3545\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Least<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"355\" y=\"268\" fill=\"#dc3545\" font-size=\"10\" font-weight=\"700\">Effective<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Hierarchy of Controls: From Most to Least Effective<\/p>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Complete risk assessment forms<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-4\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 4<\/div><h2>Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)<\/h2><p>Worker Protection<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>PPE Categories<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Type<\/th><th>Protects<\/th><th>Examples<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Head<\/td><td>Skull, brain<\/td><td>Hard hat, cap<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Face<\/td><td>Eyes, face<\/td><td>Goggles, shield<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Respiratory<\/td><td>Lungs<\/td><td>Mask, respirator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hand<\/td><td>Fingers, palm<\/td><td>Gloves<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foot<\/td><td>Toes, sole<\/td><td>Safety boots<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Body<\/td><td>Torso, limbs<\/td><td>Coveralls, apron<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"320\" viewBox=\"0 0 300 320\">\r\n<ellipse cx=\"150\" cy=\"50\" rx=\"30\" ry=\"35\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"75\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"18\">\u26d1\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"95\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Head<\/text>\r\n<circle cx=\"150\" cy=\"140\" r=\"35\" fill=\"#17a589\"\/>\r\n<circle cx=\"135\" cy=\"130\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n<circle cx=\"165\" cy=\"130\" r=\"8\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 140 155 Q 150 160 160 155\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"2\" fill=\"none\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Face\/Eyes<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"115\" y=\"210\" width=\"70\" height=\"70\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"5\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"250\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"24\">\ud83e\uddba<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"295\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Body<\/text>\r\n<ellipse cx=\"95\" cy=\"230\" rx=\"20\" ry=\"30\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"95\" y=\"238\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udde4<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"50\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Hands<\/text>\r\n<ellipse cx=\"205\" cy=\"230\" rx=\"20\" ry=\"30\" fill=\"#f0b127\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"205\" y=\"238\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83e\udde4<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"250\" y=\"245\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Hands<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"130\" y=\"285\" width=\"40\" height=\"25\" fill=\"#dc3545\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"305\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"16\">\ud83d\udc62<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"150\" y=\"315\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"10\">Feet<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Complete PPE Protection from Head to Toe<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>PPE Selection<\/h3><ul><li>Assess hazard type<\/li><li>Choose appropriate protection<\/li><li>Ensure proper fit<\/li><li>Train users<\/li><li>Maintain regularly<\/li><\/ul><h3>Proper Use<\/h3><ul><li>Wear at all times in hazard area<\/li><li>Inspect before use<\/li><li>Replace when damaged<\/li><li>Store properly<\/li><\/ul><h3>Limitations<\/h3><p>PPE is last resort. Always use engineering controls and safe procedures first.<\/p><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Select appropriate PPE for scenarios<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-5\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 5<\/div><h2>Ergonomics<\/h2><p>Working Safely and Comfortably<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Ergonomic Principles<\/h3><ul><li>Adapt workplace to worker<\/li><li>Minimize repetitive strain<\/li><li>Maintain natural posture<\/li><li>Reduce force requirements<\/li><\/ul><h3>Common Ergonomic Issues<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Back Pain:<\/strong> Poor lifting, prolonged sitting<\/li><li><strong>RSI:<\/strong> Repetitive strain injury from typing<\/li><li><strong>Neck Strain:<\/strong> Monitor height, screen angle<\/li><\/ul><h3>Lifting Techniques<\/h3><ul><li>Keep load close to body<\/li><li>Bend knees, not back<\/li><li>Engage core muscles<\/li><li>Avoid twisting motion<\/li><li>Get help for heavy items<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 200\">\r\n<g id=\"wrong\">\r\n<circle cx=\"80\" cy=\"60\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"70\" y=\"75\" width=\"20\" height=\"50\" fill=\"#dc3545\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"50\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"90\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"65\" y=\"125\" width=\"10\" height=\"35\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"85\" y=\"125\" width=\"10\" height=\"35\" fill=\"#dc3545\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"50\" y=\"140\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#6c757d\" rx=\"2\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 70 75 Q 60 100 50 140\" stroke=\"#dc3545\" stroke-width=\"3\" fill=\"none\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"30\" y1=\"30\" x2=\"130\" y2=\"130\" stroke=\"#dc3545\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"130\" y1=\"30\" x2=\"30\" y2=\"130\" stroke=\"#dc3545\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"80\" y=\"185\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#dc3545\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">WRONG<\/text>\r\n<\/g>\r\n<g id=\"correct\">\r\n<circle cx=\"280\" cy=\"60\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"270\" y=\"75\" width=\"20\" height=\"40\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"3\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"250\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"290\" y=\"85\" width=\"20\" height=\"5\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"265\" y=\"115\" width=\"10\" height=\"25\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"285\" y=\"115\" width=\"10\" height=\"25\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"265\" y=\"140\" width=\"12\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"283\" y=\"140\" width=\"12\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<rect x=\"260\" y=\"125\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#6c757d\" rx=\"2\"\/>\r\n<circle cx=\"345\" cy=\"50\" r=\"25\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"345\" y1=\"30\" x2=\"345\" y2=\"70\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<line x1=\"325\" y1=\"50\" x2=\"365\" y2=\"50\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"280\" y=\"185\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">CORRECT<\/text>\r\n<\/g>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"14\">Safe Lifting Technique<\/text>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Bend Knees, Keep Back Straight \u2014 Avoid Back Injuries<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Workstation Setup<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Element<\/th><th>Adjustment<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Chair<\/td><td>Adjust height and back support<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desk<\/td><td>Elbow height when arms relaxed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitor<\/td><td>Eye level, arm's length away<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Set up ergonomic workstations<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-6\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 6<\/div><h2>Emergency Procedures<\/h2><p>Crisis Response<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>Emergency Types<\/h3><ul><li>Fire and explosion<\/li><li>Chemical spill<\/li><li>Medical emergency<\/li><li>Severe weather<\/li><li>Structural failure<\/li><\/ul><h3>Emergency Response Steps<\/h3><ol><li><strong>Alert:<\/strong> Warn others immediately<\/li><li><strong>Assess:<\/strong> Evaluate danger<\/li><li><strong>Activate:<\/strong> Call emergency services<\/li><li><strong>Assist:<\/strong> Help affected persons<\/li><\/ol><h3>Evacuation Procedures<\/h3><ul><li>Know exit routes<\/li><li>Use stairs, not elevators<\/li><li>Proceed calmly<\/li><li>Account for all persons<\/li><li>Proceed to assembly point<\/li><\/ul><h3>Emergency Equipment<\/h3><ul><li>Fire extinguishers<\/li><li>First aid kit<\/li><li>Emergency eyewash<\/li><li>Emergency shower<\/li><li>AED (Automated External Defibrillator)<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Conduct emergency drills<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-7\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 7<\/div><h2>First Aid Basics<\/h2><p>Immediate Medical Care<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>First Aid Priorities (ABC)<\/h3><ul><li><strong>Airway:<\/strong> Clear breathing passage<\/li><li><strong>Breathing:<\/strong> Ensure air intake<\/li><li><strong>Circulation:<\/strong> Check pulse, control bleeding<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:1rem 0;text-align:center;\">\r\n<svg width=\"100%\" height=\"220\" viewBox=\"0 0 450 220\">\r\n<rect x=\"30\" y=\"50\" width=\"110\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#dc3545\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"24\">A<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Airway<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">Clear<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"145\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">breathing<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">passage<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"85\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"28\">\ud83d\udc43<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"170\" y=\"50\" width=\"110\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#f0b127\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"24\">B<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Breathing<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"11\">Ensure<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"145\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"11\">air<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"11\">intake<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1c2833\" font-size=\"28\">\ud83d\udca8<\/text>\r\n<rect x=\"310\" y=\"50\" width=\"110\" height=\"140\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" rx=\"8\"\/>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"80\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"24\">C<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"105\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\">Circulation<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"130\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">Check pulse<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"145\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">Control<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"11\">bleeding<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"365\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#fff\" font-size=\"28\">\u2764\ufe0f<\/text>\r\n<text x=\"225\" y=\"30\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"15\">First Aid ABC Priority<\/text>\r\n<path d=\"M 145 120 L 165 120\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow4)\"\/>\r\n<path d=\"M 285 120 L 305 120\" stroke=\"#1a7a4a\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#arrow4)\"\/>\r\n<defs><marker id=\"arrow4\" markerWidth=\"10\" markerHeight=\"10\" refX=\"9\" refY=\"3\" orient=\"auto\"><polygon points=\"0 0, 10 3, 0 6\" fill=\"#1a7a4a\"\/><\/marker><\/defs>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<p style=\"color:#566573;font-size:.82rem;margin-top:.5rem;\">Follow ABC Sequence in Emergency First Aid Response<\/p>\r\n<\/div><h3>Common Injuries<\/h3><table class=\"data-table\"><thead><tr><th>Injury<\/th><th>First Aid Response<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cuts\/Bleeding<\/td><td>Apply pressure, bandage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Burns<\/td><td>Cool with water, cover<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fractures<\/td><td>Immobilize, elevate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shock<\/td><td>Lay down, elevate legs<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)<\/h3><ul><li>Check responsiveness<\/li><li>Call emergency services<\/li><li>30 chest compressions<\/li><li>2 rescue breaths<\/li><li>Repeat cycle<\/li><\/ul><h3>Recovery Position<\/h3><p>For unconscious, breathing victims. Prevents choking if vomiting occurs.<\/p><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Get certified in First Aid and CPR<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"unit\" id=\"unit-8\"><div class=\"unit-header\"><div class=\"unit-num-badge\">Unit 8<\/div><h2>Safety Regulations<\/h2><p>Legal Requirements and Standards<\/p><\/div><div class=\"unit-body\"><h3>International Standards<\/h3><ul><li><strong>ISO 45001:<\/strong> Occupational health and safety<\/li><li><strong>OSHA:<\/strong> USA Occupational Safety regulations<\/li><\/ul><h3>Pakistan Safety Requirements<\/h3><ul><li>Factories Act 1934<\/li><li>Pakistan Labour Code 2006<\/li><li>SECP workplace regulations<\/li><\/ul><h3>Employer Responsibilities<\/h3><ul><li>Provide safe working conditions<\/li><li>Conduct risk assessments<\/li><li>Train employees<\/li><li>Provide PPE<\/li><li>Report incidents<\/li><li>Maintain safety records<\/li><\/ul><h3>Employee Responsibilities<\/h3><ul><li>Follow safety procedures<\/li><li>Use PPE correctly<\/li><li>Report hazards<\/li><li>Attend training<\/li><li>Cooperate with inspections<\/li><\/ul><h3>Incident Reporting<\/h3><ul><li>Report all injuries<\/li><li>Document near-misses<\/li><li>Investigate root causes<\/li><li>Implement corrective actions<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"practice\"><strong>\u270f\ufe0f Practice:<\/strong> Review and understand workplace policies<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"congrats\"><h2>\u2728 Congratulations!<\/h2><p>You've completed Safety! Work healthy and always go home safe.<\/p><\/div><\/main><\/div>\r\n<button id=\"back-top\" onclick=\"window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2191<\/button>\r\n<script>const progress=document.getElementById('progress');window.addEventListener('scroll',()=>{const scrollPercent=(window.scrollY\/(document.documentElement.scrollHeight-window.innerHeight))*100;progress.style.width=scrollPercent+'%';document.getElementById('back-top').classList.toggle('visible',window.scrollY>400);});document.querySelectorAll('.unit').forEach(unit=>{const observer=new IntersectionObserver(entries=>{entries.forEach(entry=>{if(entry.isIntersecting){const id=entry.target.id;document.querySelectorAll('.toc-list a').forEach(a=>{a.classList.toggle('active',a.href.endsWith(id));});}});},{rootMargin:'-20% 0px -70% 0px'});observer.observe(unit);});<\/script>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to PakNotesHub, your ultimate digital library designed to empower students on their academic journey! 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